[2] The letter 'O', not zero, was used to indicate that the patient was from 'out of California'. A new book, Somebody to Love: The Life, Death and Legacy of Freddie Mercury (Weldon Owen) aims to flesh out exactly what happened between those two dates. Dugas dikenal sebagai terduga penderita pertama AIDS, namun sekarang lebih dikenal sebagai salah satu pria yang sangat aktif secara seksual yang menyebarkan HIV sebelum penyakit ini teridentifikasi. The most infamous patient zero on our list is a man named Gaetan Dugas. "[4][5][6], A study by historian Richard McKay of Cambridge and others identified several causes for the Patient Zero myth. McKay’s research suggests that this, combined with confusion between a letter and a number, contributed to the invention of Patient Zero and the global defamation of Dugas. "Gaétan Dugas is one of the most demonized patients in history, ... with a wealth of resources — including plasma samples and several of his sex partners' names — before his 1984 death. Two films, John Greyson's musical comedy film Zero Patience (1993)[16] and Laurie Lynd's documentary Killing Patient Zero (2019),[17] have also debunked the Patient Zero myth around Dugas. Gaetan Dugas July 22, 1932 – November 3, 2011 DUGAS, Gaëtan – Peacefully surrounded by family at the Sault Area Hospital on Thursday, November 3, 2011 at the age of 79. While Dugas is infamous for being linked to many early AIDS cases, he wasn't an early AIDS death. He had matured into a handsome man. A misunderstanding by those reading the initial study at the CDC converted the letter 'O' into a zero according to an interview with retired CDC AIDS task force member, Dr. William Darrow, in the documentary Killing Patient Zero. Dugas had been a hairdresser in Toronto but now he was a flight attendant. Before Dugas died from AIDS in 1984, at age 31, he’d cooperated fully with health … Dugas stood at about five feet, seven inches, had a good body, green eyes, sandy blond hair and, according to Tivey, wonderful skin. In the early 1980s, Halifax business owner Rand Gaynor had taken a photo of Dugas that was later flashed around the world and that also fuelled his image as Patient Zero. Gaynor says he eventually lost touch with Dugas, as Air Canada moved its flight attendants out of Halifax. Shilts refers to Dugas as "Patient Zero" and portrays him as having almost sociopathic behaviour by allegedly intentionally infecting, or at least recklessly endangering, others with the virus. Patients linked by sexual contact", "Researchers Clear 'Patient Zero' From AIDS Origin Story", "H.I.V. 9905570, ; Maintained by Find A Grave Cremated, Ashes given to family or friend. He doesn’t clearly recall how he heard about Dugas’ death in 1984. [1] He claimed to have had over 2,500 sexual partners across North America since becoming sexually active in 1972. To enable Verizon Media and our partners to process your personal data select 'I agree', or select 'Manage settings' for more information and to manage your choices. In a twist of tragic irony, Shilts himself also passed away from AIDS-related complications in 1994, by which time the worst stereotypes about the disease and the American gay community were already an integral part of the popular imagination. [1] Dugas was particularly helpful in tracing his network of partners, providing names and addresses for many of them, which was further expanded because others remembered his distinctive name. Dugas, a homosexual flight attendant working with Air Canada, died in 1984. He doesn’t clearly recall how he heard about Dugas’ death in 1984. He’s gay and unashamed about it. In 1987, three years after his death, Dugas’ face was plastered across the US and beyond. Dugas’s misidentification occurred at an unfortunate moment, when the American public was desperately in search of such a scapegoat. His case was later found to have been only one of many that began in the 1970s, according to a September 2016 study published in Nature. "[14] "Beliefs about Patient Zero," Worobey concludes, "are unsupported by scientific data. Two of these three men had been his partners before he had overt signs of Kaposi's sarcoma. Therefore, Gaetan Dugas does not belong on this list. Gaëtan Dugas was a Québécois Canadian flight attendant and a relatively early HIV patient who once was widely regarded as "Patient Zero," or the primary case for AIDS in the United States. “I had had so many friends die at that point, or who [were] sick. Thirty-two years after his death, Gaëtan Dugas, the … It's unclear why he is listed under the year 1980. [9] In David France's 2016 book How to Survive a Plague, Shilts's editor expressed his regret for having "made a conscious decision to vilify Dugas in the book and publicity campaign in order to spur sales. It wasn’t a huge surprise. He had had sexual contact with eight other AIDS patients and was the possible source of AIDS for at least three of them. [4][5][6], Dugas worked as a flight attendant for Air Canada[1][7] and died in Quebec City in March 1984 as a result of kidney failure caused by AIDS-related infections.[8]. … [11], A number of authorities have since voiced reservations about the implications of the CDC's Patient Zero study and characterizations of Dugas as being responsible for bringing HIV to cities such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. The criterion for inclusion in this list is that the person's death occurred before June 18, 1981. Dugas stood at about five feet, seven inches, had a good body, green eyes, sandy blond hair and, according to Tivey, wonderful skin. We and our partners will store and/or access information on your device through the use of cookies and similar technologies, to display personalised ads and content, for ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. “I had had so many friends die at that point, or who [were] sick. Gaétan Dugas was a handsome Air Canada flight attendant who passed away at the age of 31 of complications from AIDS on March 30, 1984. Subsequently, popular media would later extrapolate this information to mean that he was the original carrier of AIDS in the country,[3] although the report itself made no such claim. But then his own people victimize him. [12] In 1988, Andrew R. Moss published an opposing view in The New York Review of Books. But the finding comes long after Mr Dugas’s death, after he passed away from complications related to the disease in 1984. The gay man once blamed for launching AIDS in 1980s America has finally been exonerated by modern science. [12] Although many of the patients analysed reported in excess of 1000 sexual partners, most remembered "only a handful" of names, making their contacts to other cases more difficult to trace. Dugas' charm proved unfailing: he sweet-talked the man into having sex again. The critical praise received for both the book and subsequent film only solidified Dugas as the archetypal villain of the crisis, while tacitly placing blame on the sexual excesses of the gay community itself. [1], Dugas is featured prominently in Randy Shilts's 1987 book And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (1987), which documents the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. During early CDC analysis of cases in California, patient 057 (Dugas) was nicknamed patient "O" for "Out-of-California", but this was interpreted by others as Patient Zero. [1] In the Patient Zero study, the average length of time between sexual contact and the onset of symptoms was 10½ months. ... had had sex with Gaëtan Dugas… "[14] Worobey's paper, published in Nature in October 2016, finds "neither biological nor historical evidence that he was the primary case in the US or for subtype B as a whole. A graph included with the paper traced the sequence of infection among 40 men and labelled one of the nodes as "Patient 0" (with other nodes including the place of residence and a number indicating the sequence in which they developed AIDS symptoms, such as "NY 14"). Yahoo is part of Verizon Media. Dugas was first named as the originator of the HIV spread in the US states following his death in 1984, in the 1987 best-selling book And the Band Played On, and thereafter faced posthumous vilification in the media.. The mistaken emphasis placed on Dugas that saw him placed as a key link between the spread of HIV/Aids between the east and west coasts of the US in … Gaynor says he eventually lost touch with Dugas, as Air Canada moved its flight attendants out of Halifax. The researchers later stated they had originally intended to designate Dugas as "Patient O", with "O" standing for "Out-of-California" but at some point it was changed to a "0". Dugas died on March 30, 1984. Though Dugas died in 1984, he is included as the first person in the Proud Lives section of this 1988 excerpt of the Vancouver, Canada gay publication Q Magazine. In 1987, three years after his death, Dugas' face was plastered across the US and beyond. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Gaëtan Dugas (20 Feb 1953–30 Mar 1984), Find a Grave Memorial no. Dugas is described as being a charming, handsome sexual athlete who, according to his own estimation, averaged hundreds of sex partners per year. Find out more about how we use your information in our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. A new HIV study clears the name of Gaëtan Dugas, called patient zero, and provides new insight into how the virus spread to the United States. Arrived in the U.S. Long Before 'Patient Zero, "1970s and 'Patient 0' HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America", "La découverte de la maladie — Sida, les premières années", "Genetic analysis reveals epidemiologic patterns in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus", "New research reveals accidental making of 'Patient Zero' myth during 1980s AIDS crisis", "Documentary Killing Patient Zero seeks to restore reputation of Quebec man unfairly targeted in AIDS epidemic", Halifax Rainbow Encyclopedia page for Dugas, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaëtan_Dugas&oldid=998291604, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 18:25. [2] The paper later stated: If the infectious-agent hypothesis is true, Patient 0 may be an example of a "carrier" of such an agent. Information about your device and internet connection, including your IP address, Browsing and search activity while using Verizon Media websites and apps. Gaëtan Dugas (bahasa Prancis: [ɡaetɑ̃ dyˈɡa]; 20 April 1953 – 30 Maret 1984) adalah seorang Prancis Kanada yang bekerja sebagai pramugara di Air Canada. — It may be that this was the first appearance of the Proud Lives section in Q, as other deaths are from 85, 86, up to 88. Gaëtan Dugas (French: [ɡaetɑ̃ dyɡa]; February 19, 1952 – March 30, 1984) was a Québécois Canadian flight attendant and a relatively early HIV patient who once was widely regarded as "Patient Zero," or the primary case for AIDS in the United States. It wasn’t a huge surprise. Dugas was publicly named by journalist Randy Shilts in his 1987 book And The Band Played On. I knew 30 people who died of AIDS. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Your Privacy Controls. That should have been the end. Before death, Dugas provided investigators a significant amount of personal information to assist with studies into whether AIDS was caused by sexually transmitted agent. [13], In 2016, a group of researchers led by evolutionary biologist Dr. Michael Worobey conducted a genetic study that looked at blood samples taken from gay and bisexual men in 1978 and 1979 as part of a hepatitis B study, and based on the results of the data, concluded that Dugas was not the source of the virus in the U.S. "On the family tree of the virus, Dugas fell in the middle, not at the beginning. A study published in The American Journal of Medicine in 1984 titled Cluster of Cases of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome examined the sexual contacts of gay men infected with AIDS to determine if their histories were consistent with the hypothesis that AIDS was caused by an infectious agent. I knew 30 people who died of AIDS. "[10], Genetic analysis historically provided some support for the Patient Zero theory, in which Dugas was believed to be part of a cluster of homosexual men who travelled frequently, were extremely sexually active, and died of AIDS at a very early stage in the epidemic. Gaetan Dugas, who was named 'Patient Zero' after being accused to be the first one to spread HIV/AIDS in the United States, has now been cleared of the charges by scientists. The Current 0:43 Gaetan Dugas was 'just a really fun person' Richard Bisson, friend and colleague of the late Gaeton Dugas, shares how he'd like his friend to be remembered. He had matured into a handsome man. Years later, they reconnected in Vancouver where Dugas lived for the last two years of his life. Dugas had been a hairdresser in Toronto but now he was a flight attendant. Canadian flight attendant, long misidentified as the index case of the North American AIDS Crisis, Re-examination of "Patient Zero" designation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic, "How a typo created a scapegoat for the AIDS epidemic", "Cluster of cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. [2] While Shilts's book does not make such an allegation, the rumour that Dugas was the principal disseminator of the virus became widespread. Gaëtan Dugas 2021 - Biography at Wikipedia (Wiki, Age, Birthday) Gaëtan Dugas was born on February 20, 1953 in Québec City, Québec, Canada Gaëtan Dugas at: In their review of the book, the National Review dubbed Dugas "the Columbus of AIDS," while the New York Post went so far as to declare him "The Man Who Gave Us AIDS." At least one man indignantly hunted him down. Dugas was originally designated as Patient 57 in their initial study & later code-named as "Patient O" to indicate his role as an index patient in a cluster of 40 AIDS cases in the United States. Told later he was endangering anyone he slept with, Dugas unrepentantly carried on -- by his estimate, with 250 partners a year -- until his death in March 1984, adding countless direct and indirect victims. Years later, they reconnected in Vancouver where Dugas lived for the last two years of his life. He was an Air Canada flight attendant and was identified by scientists in the late 1970s as the first person to bring the HIV/AIDS epidemic to the US. But this may be helpful because it says, 'Just because you are the first to be diagnosed doesn't mean you started the epidemic.'"[5]. Dugas gets sick, he gets better, and then he dies in 1984 at 31. The extent to which HIV/AIDS was known about in the early 1980s, how it was spread, or when Dugas was diagnosed are disputed.Dugas worked as a flight attendant for Air Canada and died in Quebec City in March 1984 as a result of kidney failure caused by AIDS-related infections. The New York Post shamed Dugas as “The Man Who Gave Us AIDS” in a front page headline, while Time joined in with an article on The Appalling Saga of Patient Zero. In March 1984, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study tracked the sexual liaisons and practices of gay and bisexual men, especially in California and New York. Gaetan Dugas’ name has been cleared 32 years after his death (Picture: AP) The man accused of bringing HIV and Aids to the US and starting a pandemic in … As historian Phil Tiemeyer remarks: “This character, Gaetan Dugas, has every trait of a villain that America is looking for in the AIDS crisis. 0:43 Gaëtan Dugas died on March 30, 1984, shortly after his thirty-first birthday. [15][6], Dr. Robert M. Grant, an AIDS researcher at the University of California, has stated: "No one wants to be the Patient Zero of their village. Related to the disease in 1984 American public was desperately in search of such a scapegoat ’ clearly! `` H.I.V men had been his partners before he had overt signs of Kaposi 's sarcoma:... '', `` Researchers Clear 'Patient Zero ' from AIDS Origin Story '', `` H.I.V Controls... Given to family or friend had sexual contact with eight other AIDS and. The gay man once blamed for launching AIDS in 1980s America has finally exonerated! 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