It is interesting to note that volatile compounds evolved from diced peels of various Citrus spp. Sour rot. Control of postharvest rots in citrus relies on cool storage in combination with the application of coatings containing fungicides, such as benomyl, thiabendazole, imazalil, guazatine, sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP), or pyrimethanil. Sometimes the food people consume can be unsafe. The fungi gain entry if fruit is damaged during handling and storage, and then decay can spread from fruit to fruit. Conidia are characteristically produced as short cylinders from the phialides, rounding up somewhat with maturity, and measuring 3.0–5.0 μm in length. 2). their compositions, hence the relative differences among the stimulating or suppressing activities of oils produced from different sources. The genus was first identified in scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work Observationes in ordines plantarum naturale. Pathogens which penetrate through the host lenticels can feed on the nutrients secreted from the cells adjoining the lenticels, especially after injury following tissue senescence (Eckert, 1978). The currently accepted scientific name is P. digitatum (Pers. Several studies indicated that grape berry exudates stimulated B. cinerea spore germination and that stimulation increased during the last month of fruit ripening. Up to date, penicillin still plays a vital role in the treatment of bacterial infections. This stimulation was attributed to the permeation of anthranilic acid from the inner tissues to the fruit surface. In our previous works, we inactivated Penicillium digitatum spores by plasma treatment and investigated the inactivation mechanism from the point of view of superficial morphological and intracellular oxidative changes.25–27 ) P. digitatum spores cause the formation of green mold on citrus fruits, which is a difficult-to-inactivate postharvest It is known for its ability to cause fruit decay. Penicillium spore germination is also stimulated by the addition of oil derived from the rind of orange, lemon, grapefruit or other citrus fruits (French et al., 1978). californicum Thom (1930), P. digitatum var. Benomyl is used as preharvest spray in South Africa and many other citrus-growing countries to prevent Penicillium rots. The fungus finally degrades the fruit into a slimy and watery mass. Comparative analysis by Marcet-Houben et al. The most common postharvest pathogens of citrus fruit are fungi and particularly Penicillium digitatum (Fig. It is associated with Citrus decay. norvegicum Sopp (1912), P. digitatoides Peyronel (1913), and P. lanosogrisellum Biourge (1923). In the short time since its recognition, isolates have come from most citrus growing areas around the world. by a Chinese group (Sun et al., 2011). TBZ and Imazalil at concentrations of 1000 ppm are applied as water solution in the drencher. Biological control of Penicillium digitatum on citrus with antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Penicillium digitatum is the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit and is responsible for important economic losses in spite of the massive use of fungicides. For that reason, not just any random person can create. That is why intensive research is being done in order to come up with a lasting food security solution. P. digitatum develops olive-colored spores while those of P. italicum are of blue color. Penicillium Chrysogenum. According to the MycoBank database, there are three more legitimate taxon names: P. digitatum var. Affected areas appear as watery spots with white mycelium produced at the centre. Indeed, storage fungi are capable of acquiring resistance to fungicides (Ben-Yehoshua et al., 1996; Kellerman et al., 2014). A greatly enhanced germination is stimulated by the ascorbic acid, whereas the citric acid has no stimulating effect. (2012). Harvesting should be done before rainfall or irrigation to prevent fruits from being vulnerable to peel injuries. Inactivation Process of Penicillium digitatum Spores Treated with Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Hiroshi Hashizume 1, Takayuki Ohta , Takumi Mori2, Sachiko Iseki3, Masaru Hori3, and Masafumi Ito 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan 2Department of Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama … Blue mold is more tolerant to cold storage but green mold invades fruit more rapidly and predominates under normal postharvest conditions. Found on foodstuffs, leather, and fabrics, they are of economic importance in the production of Application of fungicides is the main method carried out to control postharvest diseases of oranges (Li et al., 2016a). In culture it is readily recognizable by the formation of rapidly growing olive colonies on both CYA and MEA (35–55 and 35–70 mm diameter, respectively). This decay is caused by the fungus Geotrichum candidum, which is a common soil-borne pathogen. Growth of P. digitatum lies between 6 and 37 °C, with a minimum aw for growth near 0.9.

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