Plants produce separate male and female flowers It also failed a weed risk assessment for the Pacific (PIER, 2008). Jatropha curcas L. Econ. Seedlings and juvenile Jatropha are easily removed by hand, but cut portions and hand-pulled plants should be kept out of contact with moist soil or regrowth may occur. Dicotyledones. Winter hardy to USDA Zones 9-11 where it is easily grown in dry to medium well-drained soils in full sun. 161 Invasive Alien Species present in Saint Lucia and their current status. Effect of green manure on rice production. The flora of Guam. Aponte CH, 1978. Technical Paper - South Pacific Commission, No. In: Biofuels: Towards a Greener and Secure Energy Future [ed. Martin G, Mayeux A, 1984. Conclusions by Zone. General description: A deciduous small tree or large shrub sometimes grown as an ornamental.. A manual for the identification of the vascular plants of the island. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA: National Plant Data Team. Jatropha curcas and over 1000 other quality seeds for sale. In: GE Wickens, JR Goodin, DV Fields, Conference on Economic plants for Arid Lands. Flower visitors include bees and flies which affect geitonogamy and xenogamy, and ants and thrips which affect only geitonogamy. Fitoterapia, 60(2):147-155, USDA-ARS, 2008. Ltd, Kumar RV, Tripathi YK, Yadav VP, Ahlawat SP, Gupta VK, 2005. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Both flower sexes open synchronously, and the sexual system facilitates geitonogamy and xenogamy. In Chhattisgarh, India, hand weeding is common practice for the control of J. curcas (Oudhia and Tripathi, 2002). Physic nut. The record derives from WCSP (data supplied on 2012-03-23) which reports it as an accepted name (record 104552) with original publication details: Sp. http://plants.usda.gov/, USDA-NRCS, 2015. Jatropha curcas Name Synonyms Castiglionia lobata Ruiz & Pav. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 43(1):21-38, Srivastava GS, 1986. Jatropha curcas. A preliminary pharmacognostical study of ten Nigerian plants. Synonyms. Flora of Taiwan. by Flora of China Editorial Committee]. Grierson AJC, Long DG, 1987. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 2:12, http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 169-178, Burkill IH, 1966. Flowers give way to green seed pods, each with 2-3 oily black seeds. (2005), including Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp. Pods mature to yellow-red before splitting open to release seeds. - Le PourghFre (Jatropha curcas L.): un carburant possible). Soon after development of the first true leaves, the cotyledons wither and fall off. The life-cycle of P. klugii was studied by Grimm and Somarriba (1998), who described this species as a key pest of J. curcas in Nicaragua. It competes with native species and has the potential to form dense thickets or colonies. Biol. Flowers greenish yellow. J. curcas is a shrub or treelet, 2-5 m tall, with watery latex; bark smooth; branches glaucous-gray, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, pith larger. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Edinburgh, UK: Royal Botanic Garden, Grimm C, Fnhrer E, 1998. Stanford, USA: Stanford University Press, Wiggins IL, Porter DM, 1971. Guide to Plants Tolerant of Arid and Semi-arid Conditions: Nomenclature and Potential Uses. Florianópolis - SC, Brazil: I3N Brasil, Instituto Hórus de Desenvolvimento e Conservação Ambiental. Australia's Virtual Herbarium. Curcas purgans Medik. Curcas adansonii Endl. Online Database. J. curcas is thought to be native to tropical America but its exact origin is still uncertain. J. curcas is in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, which is a pantropical family including 228 genera and over 6500 species of trees and shrubs (The Plant List, 2013). name: Jatropha curcas Family: Euphorbiaceae. However, there are negative impacts of possible invasion from biofuel crops which are being increasingly recognised, e.g. The Weedy Truth about Biofuels. In Zambia, primary seed dispersal of J. curcas was limited: rodents and shrews dispersed and predated seeds and fruits, but none of the seeds repositioned in their burrows could establish (Negussie et al., 2013a). In laboratory experiments, ground J. curcas capsules showed molluscidal activity against the host of liver fluke (Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa) (Agaceta et al., 1981). Gov. Handbook 449. Recent Progress in Medicinal Plant, Vol. Harvested seed may be pressed for production of biodiesel. The oil can be combusted as fuel without being refined. Most of these are native to the Americas, with 66 species found in the Old World. Published In: Species Plantarum 2: 1006. In Burkina Faso, Negussie et al. Journal of Applied Entomology, 122(9/10):515-521; 19 ref, Grimm C, Somarriba A, 1998. When the seed shell splits, the radicle emerges and four small peripheral roots are formed. Instituto de Agronomia e Veterinaria, Lisboa, Funk V, Hollowell T, Berry P, Kelloff C, Alexander SN, 2007. Flora of China Web. Ultramar. Compendium record. http://www.prota4u.info, Rojas-Sandoval J, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, 2015. Plants have been used as living fences in some areas. I. Lucknow, India: Botanical Survey of India, Amit Pandey, Shukla AN, Suresh Chandra, 2006. No known synonyms. Invasiveness risk of biofuel crops using, Negussie A, Nacro S, Achten WMJ, Norgrove L, Kenis M, Hadgu KM, Aynekulu E, Hermy M, Muys B, 2015. da Cunha, Lisbon, Portugal, Chitra Shanker, Dhyani SK, 2006. Invasive species threats in the Caribbean region. Suitability of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) as single host plant for the leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas (Het., Coreidae). Millipedes (Julus sp.) http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Agaceta LM, Dumag PU, Atolos JA, Bandiola FC, 1981. Allelopathic studies conducted to evaluate the effects of different parts of J. curcas on germination and seedling vigour of different medicinal herbs revealed that J. curcas can damage the biodiversity of Chhattisgarh, India. Utilizatao do oleo de Purgueira como combustfvel (Nota preliminar). The report will display the kingdom and all descendants leading down to the name you choose. Thomas, Negussie A, Achten WMJ, Aerts R, Norgrove L, Sinkala T, Hermy M, Muys B, 2013. Family: Euphorbiaceae. Tomo II. Its usefulness has been challenged, but it is true the plant can produce seeds with an oil content of 37%. Jatropha curcas cultivation can produce oil that is a good substitute for current biofuels. The Plant List: a working list of all plant species. Branches have smooth gray bark and exude watery white latex when cut. The closest relatives of J. curcas from karyotypes were J. multifida and J. gossypifolia, which were also noted as very similar morphologically (Soontornchainaksaeng and Jenjittikul, 2003). Caius JF, 1986. Many pests were recorded by Shanker and Dhyani (2006), including Pachycoris klugii, Agonosoma trilineatum, Scutellera nobilis [Scutellera perplexa], Pempelia morosalis, Stomphastis thraustica [Stomphastis plectica], Achaea janata and Oxycetonia versicolor, while Stegodyphus sp., Pseudotelenomus pachycoris [Telenomus pachycoris], Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Leptoglossus zonatus are some of their biological control agents. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific Islands (SPREP member countries). Curcas lobata Splitg. Das Pflanzenreich IV, Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 147(42):1-148, Persinos GJ, Quimby MW, Schermerhorn JW, 1964. New Delhi, India: Ajay Book Service, Linnaeus C, 1753. Jatropha afrocurcas Pax Darwin, Australia: Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Northern Territory of Australia, PROTA, 2015. USA: Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. A number of studies have identified significant differences in oil yield from different provinces in Indian states. Ovipositional and adult repellent action of some vegetable oils/extracts against potato tuber moth. Insecticidal activity of the formulated product and aqueous extract from physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. seed kernel oil on cotton insect pests. Other common names: Purge nut, Curcas bean, Barbados nut. Re-examination of the antimicrobial activities of Xylopia aethiopica, Carica papaya, Ocimum gratissimum and Jatropha curcas. Stanford, USA: Stanford University Press, Wilbur RL, 1954. Tech. No known serious insect or disease problems. Stockholm, Sweden: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1006-1007, Little EL Jr, Woodbury RO, Wadsworth FH, 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Vol. In: Wickens GE, Haq N, Day P, eds. Chivandi E, Kachigunda B, Fushai F, 2005. Report to the Nature Conservancy. Flowers, stems and leaves have medicinal properties. Griseb., subg. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Typ. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-ARS, 2015. Fruiting behaviour indicates that the plant might selectively eliminate the growing offspring, especially the geitonogamous fruit, to allocate the resources available mostly for xenogamous fruit, and the ability to self-pollinate through geitonogamy is considered to be adaptive for J. curcas colonization (Raju and Ezradanam, 2002). Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa, [ed. Fusariummoniliforme [Gibberella fujikuroi] has been reported as causing root rot of J. curcas in India (Sharma et al., 2001). http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, Crothers M, 1998. Cotton Res. It should be noted that all plant parts of J. curcas are poisonous, thus extreme caution should be observed when using the plant for any internal use. Pflanz., 47:79-90, Solsoloy AD, 1993. - Very common in and about towns, in thickets and hedges along roadsides throughout the Philippines. Jatropha curcas L. Family Name: Euphorbiaceae: Common Name: ... Common Names: Classifications and Characteristics. Micronesica., 6:380, Sukarin W, Yamada Y, Sakaguchi S, 1987. EEB Greenhouses assume no responsibility for adverse effects from the use of any plants referred to on this site. Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypifolia). http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/Kairo%20et%20al,%202003.pdf, Kar AK, Ashok Das, 1988. Fusarium moniliforme causing root rot of jatropha. It is also known by its common names, such as physic nut, purging nut, and Barbados nut. Plants of Tonga. Flore illustree du senegal. Dissertation. It contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous, like Jatropha curcas). Genus: Jatropha L. Jatropha curcas L. This species is accepted, and its native range is Mexico to Tropical America. Negussie et al. ex Lanj. Common Name(s): physic nut [English] Barbados nut [English] Taxonomic Status: Current Standing: accepted Data Quality Indicators: Record Credibility Rating: verified - … Torrey Bot. Call us at 1 315 4971058. Positive (inhibitory) allelopathic effects of some obnoxious weeds on germination and seedling vigour of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Dissertation. A synopsis of Jatropha, subsection Eucurcas, with the description of two new species from Mexico. OlTagineux, 39(5):283-287, Mathur HH, 1986. Curcas sect. Plants will self-seed and have the potential to spread. Econ. 27. Jatropha curcas L. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Jatropha (family Euphorbiaceae). Its increasing infestation in pasture lands, forests, and National Parks is becoming a potential threat to existing biodiversity. Nashik, India: Shree Offset Press, Caius JF, 1986. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Natural Resources Forum, 29(1):12-24, Freitas AS Barjona de, 1906. Livestock also assist in the spread through the movement of seed and aid in establishment by the selective grazing of other more palatable but competitive species (Pitt, 1999). Castiglionia lobata Ruiz & Pav. Australia's Virtual Herbarium. Naturally, capsules split open when ripe to eject seeds some distance, though gravity may be more important on sloped sites. curcas is monoecious and protandrous, the ratio of male to female flowers being 29:1. Jatropha acerifolia Salisb. It was widely distributed throughout the tropics as an ornamental and medicinal plant, and was probably distributed by Portuguese seafarers via Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau to other countries in Africa and Asia. Protected agriculture (e.g. http://avhtas.tmag.tas.gov.au/, Sastry CSS, Kavathekar KY, 1990. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders. Flora of Bhutan including a Record of Plants from Sikkim, Vol. The genus name Jatropha derives from the Gr eek iatrós (doctor) and trophé (food) which implies medicinal uses. Lifecycle and rearing of the shield-backed bug Pachycoris klugii in Nicaragua (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Jatropha curcas oil: a substitute for diesel engine oil. Petrocrops, their availability and cultivation. Entomologia Generalis, 22(3/4):211-221; 18 ref, Grimm C, Somarriba A, 1999. Medicinal plants of Bombay Presidency. Oily seeds are used to make a variety of products ranging from candles to biofuel to fertilizers. Implementation of contour vegetation barriers under farmer conditions in Burkina Faso and Mali. Spore, 16:1-3. Jatropha seeds contain between 40 and 50% of high quality oil (Basha and Sujatha, 2009). Dissertation. The PLANTS Database. Jatropha yucatanensis Briq.. Manihot curcas (L.) Crantz. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 81(2):349-367, Dehgan B, Webster GL, 1979. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2008. Res. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 33(2):303-304, Anny Mulyani, Agus F, Allelorung D, 2006. Funk V, Hollowell T, Berry P, Kelloff C, Alexander S N, 2007. World Agroforestry Centre. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Gouvrenement du Senegal, Ministrere du Development Rural et del' Hyraulique, Direction des Eaux et forets, Dakar, Bhasabutra R, Sutiponpeibun S, 1982. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. It is very profitable crop. Estudio de Jatropha curcas L. Comorecurso biotico. Current Science, 83(11):1395-1398, Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN, 1991. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Cabral A Lemos de, 1964. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Studies on Heteroptera in J. curcas stands in Nicaragua found Pachycoris klugii and Leptoglossus zonatus to be the most common (Grimm and Fuhrer, 1998). Common names: Physic Nut, Jatropha, Jamal ghota... Its a shrub around 3 m high. 209: 124 pp, The Plant List, 2013. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, PIER, 2015. http://avhtas.tmag.tas.gov.au. National database of exotic invasive species. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/, Grierson AJC, Long DG, 1987. The genus comprises about 180 species, most of them in warm temperate and subtropical regions and the seasonally dry tropics.Dehgan and Webster (1979) revised the subdivision made by Pax (1910) and now distinguish two subgenera (Curcas and Jatropha) of the genus Jatropha, with 10 sections and 10 subsections to accommodate the Old and New World species. Another scutellarid, Agonosoma trilineatum is also a serious problem from seed-feeding, and red pumpkin beetles (Aulacophora foveicollis) are also found to infest the leaves (Sharma, 2006). (2003) and Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong (2012) also reported J. curcas as introduced in the Caribbean. Jatropha curcas is a flowering plant that is native to Central America, Mexico, South America, and other tropical locales. Jatropha curcas - PourghFre. Flora of Bhutan including a Record of Plants from Sikkim., 1 (3) Edinburgh, UK: Royal Botanic Garden. New leaf spot diseases of two medicinal plants. Population dynamics of true bugs (Heteroptera) in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) plantations in Nicaragua. vi + 659 pp. http://i3n.institutohorus.org.br, Kairo M, Ali B, Cheesman O, Haysom K, Murphy S, 2003. Another common name is nettlespurge. Curcas curcas (L.) Britton & Millsp. Renewable Energy Res. Flora of China Editorial Committee (2007), Rojas-Sandoval and Acevedo-Rodríguez (2015), Australia, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (2008), Soontornchainaksaeng and Jenjittikul, 2003, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, http://www.ciasnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/IAS-present-in-SLU-May-2012-revision.pdf, Negussie A, Achten WMJ, Aerts R, Norgrove L, Sinkala T, Hermy M, Muys B, 2013. In: Crop improvement, production technology, trade and commerce. Burkill (1966) assumes that the Portuguese brought it to Asia, but suggests that it may not have reached Malacca, Indonesia until the Dutch were in possession, for the Malays call it by a name meaning ‘Dutch castor oil’. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. Common name: Physic Nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut • Hindi: जमाल घोटा Jamal ghota, रतनजोत Ratanjot, जंगली अरंडी Jangli arandi • Manipuri: ꯑꯋꯥꯀꯦꯒꯦ Awa kege • Marathi: Mogli Erand, Maraharalu • Tamil: Kattukkotai • Malayalam: Kattamank, Katalavanakku • Telugu: Nepalam, Adavi amudam • Kannada: Kananeranda • Bengali: Bagbherenda, Bherenda, Sada verenda • Oriya: Jahazigaba, Dhalajahaji • … (Plant Sci. Margraf, Weikersheim, Wiehr E, 1930. These three species can be distinguished by the following differences: Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. IMPORTANT NOTE: Plant Uses are for informational purposes only. ), 94(1):65-82, Heller J, 1992. Invasiveness risk of biofuel crops using Jatropha curcas L. as a model species. A drought-tolerant plant, Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) or also known as Jatropha, Purging Nut, and Barbados Nut is a deciduous small tree or shrub that can be found in tropical America. Journal of Applied Entomology, 123(6):347-350; 14 ref, Gupta RC, 1985. Rev. 8 (1), 49-53. http://www.ansinet.org/pjbs DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2005.49.53, Chong K Y, Tan H T W, Corlett R T, 2009. The name Jatropha curcas was first used by Linnaeus, and although there are a number of synonyms this name is still valid today. University of California Publications in Botany, Vol. Washington, USA: USGPO, Ahmedullah M, Nayar MP, 1987. Castiglionia lobata Ruiz & Pav.. Curcas adansonii Endl.. Curcas curcas (L.) Britton & Millsp.. Curcas drastica Mart.. Curcas indica A.Rich.. Curcas lobata Splitg. Curcas drastica Mart. 1. Insect-toxicity of phorbol esters from Jatropha curcas seed oil. Further cladistic analysis supported the Dehgan and Webster (1979) evolutionary model of the genus Jatropha. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). After introduction into Asian countries, J. curcas has spread very rapidly, and due to its ethnobotanical uses, promotion as an ornamental and hedge plant encouraged its further spread. Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Foto n. 119316 - médicinier (Jatropha curcas) Leaves and fruit at Kahikinui, Maui - Credit: Forest and Kim Starr - Plants of Hawaii - Image licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, permitting sharing and adaptation with attribution. Implementation of contour vegetation barriers under farmer conditions in Burkina Faso and Mali. PROTA4U web database., [ed. Jatropha acerifolia Salisb. America Uses: Oil used for biofuels. The oil extracted from the seeds of Jatropha is known as Biodiesel. Invasive weed risk assessment of three potential bioenergy fuel species. Insufficient evidence of, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/, Sherchan DP, Thapa YB, Khadka RJ, Tiwari TP, 1989. (2006) and Low and Booth (2007), and further comparison of positive and negative impacts are required for J. curcas as well as many other biofuel crops. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20173158959 DOI:10.1079/9781786392145.0000, Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. For further information on the uses of J. curcas see: Persinos et al., 1964; Wang and Huffman, 1981; Banerji et al., 1985; Ben Salem and Palmberg, 1985; Shelke et al., 1985; Mathur, 1986; Srivastava, 1986; Budowski, 1987; Anon., 1988; Paroda and Mal, 1989; Sherchan et al., 1989; Thomas, 1989; Weiss, 1989; Cabral, 1991; Roorda, 1991; Jones and Miller, 1992; Sauerwein et al., 1993; Solsoloy, 1993; Oudhia and Tripathi, 2002. There is a possibility of further introduction and cultivation as a fuel crop. The bark is rich in tannin, up to 37%. Miller I L, Crothers M, 1998. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Sci. Medicinal plants of Bombay Presidency., 250 + xxix pp. Japan Agric. Hamburg, Germany: Dr. Kovac, Heller J, 1996. Species in other sections evolved from the physic nut or another ancestral form, with changes in growth habit and flower structures. Biological Invasions. Higher plants as possible source of petroleum substitutes. Fachlicher Zwischenbericht zum Projekt: Produktion und Nutzung von Pflanzen÷l als Kraftstoff. Some of the popular common names for barbados are barbados, bedbugs, large purge nut, black vomit nut, tangy brazil nut, bubble bush, cuban physical nut, curcas bean, fig nut, physical nut, pork nut, poison nut, purge pine nut, Indian pine nut, nut purge, wild castor and … In India, J. curcas is devastated by the scutellarid Scutellera nobilis [S. perplexa], which is an emerging problem that causes flower fall, fruit abortion and seed malformation. [ed. A comparison of the nutrient and antinutrient composition of industrially processed Zimbabwean Jatropha curcas and Glycine max meals. vi + 601 pp. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov, Witt A, Luke Q, 2017. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). J., 2:56. In the West Indies, J. curcas appears in herbarium collection made in 1865 in Trinidad and Tobago, 1881 in Dominica, 1885 in Puerto Rico and 1893 in Guadeloupe (US National Herbarium). Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. Its usefulness has been challenged, but it is true the plant can produce seeds with an oil content of 37%. Manufacturers of Jatropha Crop,It's the wonder plant produces seeds with an oil content of 37%. Dehra Dun, India, 142-150, McVaugh R, 1945. One species, J. villosa, is of Indian origin (Ahmedullah and Nayar, 1987). Insect pests of Jatropha curcas L. and the potential for their management. PN 93.2202.5-01.100. Grimm and Somarriba (1999) reared L. zonatus on a diet consisting of unripe J. curcas fruit only and concluded that J. curcas was a highly suitable food plant which can maintain populations of this insect pest throughout the year. National Science Development Board (NSDM) Tech. Country of Origin: Mexico to Trop. Bionotes, 8(4):103, Shelke SS, Jadhav LD, Salunkhe GN, 1985. 52 Physic nut. USDA-ARS (2015) notes a native range of Mexico, Central America and northern South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Paraguay) excluding the Caribbean. 5. Negussie et al. Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut. by Witt A, Luke Q]. It can be cultivate in stony, gradient sandy oil and in the land of tiny deepness. Spaan W, Bodnár F, Idoe O, De Graaff J, 2004. Economic Botany, 32:131-145, Budowski G, 1987. I3N-Brasil, 2015. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 584 pp, Gordon DR, Tancig KJ, Onderdonk DA, Gantz CA, 2011. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. Bongali-botora, Bhenda, Salika Kund, Bongali-era, Bongali-bhotora ... Nomenclature and Classification > Taxon Record Name > Scientific Name. Flora medica. O valor da purgueira na economia de Cabo Verde. by Raghu et al. File size: 22812 bytes - Views: 216 Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.

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