( Log Out /  Pontic serves to restore the mastication, speech to maintain tooth relationships, both interarch and intra arch, and also to satisfy patients esthetic and psychological needs by eliminating the space in dentition. Incisal (A) and labial (B) views of a four-unit fixed dental prosthesis with a loop connector. The materials tested were glazed porcelain, unglazed porcelain, acrylic resin and gold. It is attached to the backing occlusally with the help of retentive pins. It has two proximal slopes/bevels on either side of the central bulk. Amazon.com: electrical cord retainer. Q83. An attempt to replace with a smaller pontic will compromise esthetics and hygiene. The occlusal surface of the pontic should resemble the occlusal surface of the tooth it replaces. If mesiodistal width is reduced, metal pontic with porcelain or acrylic facing is advised. The connector consists of a loop on the lingual aspect of the prosthesis that connects adjacent retainers and/or pontics. During treatment planning, the diagnostic cast should be thoroughly examined. Drill a hole just lingual to the crest of the edentulous ridge where the pontic will be placed. Changes in the residual ridge, opposing occlusion and proximal space affect the success of the restoration. 4. Occlusogingival Height and mesiodistal width of edentulous space: PFM ridge in long span with reduced occlusogingival height can result in porcelain fracture. Use of precious metal is saved because of framework. Here, the flat lingual surface of the pin facing is modified by adding additional porcelain onto the gingival portion of its lingual surface. Retainer: The part of a fixed dental prosthesis that unites the abutment(s) to the remainder of the restoration. This pontic consists of a large gingival bulk, which can be adapted to the ridge. The primary purpose of the dental bridge is to receive the forces of occlusion and to transmit them through the abutments so that occlusion is … Stein RS 1966- Stated that pressure free contact over a small area produce highly esthetic results in contrast to classic requirements for pontics as this design produces an emergence profile looking similar to that of the natural tooth. Connector "fixed partial denture retainer crown" D6752 "Single unit crown" D2752 "radiographic/surgical implant index, by report - relates osteotomy or fixture (implant) position to existing anatomic structures Tripodakis A P 1990 : Contour of alveolar ridge requires a convex basal seat in the design of pontic to prevent the impairment of esthetics , function , phonetics. Pontic serves to restore the mastication, speech to maintain tooth relationships, both interarch and intra arch, and also to satisfy patients esthetic and psychological needs by eliminating the space in dentition. Occlusal plane correction is done before the fabrication of fixed prosthesis. The pontic replaces the missing tooth. hello, its a good knowledge there. – Food entrapment leads to tongue habits. It should be made as convex as possible, with only one point of contact at the center of the residual ridge. 5 Exclusive techniques – RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION. The basal surface must demonstrate a convex shape similar to the ovate pontic design for dental floss – tight contact . Occlusal plane correction is done before the fabrication of the fixed prosthesis as in the case of supra eruption of opposing teeth. Long term provisional restorations must be used for a period of 6 to 12 months. Hygiene maintenance (flossing) is more important than the pontic design itself. Arlon G. (1968) studied the effect of various pontic materials on gingiva. The facing consists of a flat lingual surface with two retentive pins. It should resemble the adjacent teeth. (GPT8) Pontic: An artificial tooth on a fixed dental prosthesis that replaces a missing natural tooth, restores its function,and usually fills the space previously occupied by the clinical crown. But in many cases, due to a long period of edentulousness, the adjacent teeth tend to be tilted or drifted towards this space. A FPD with the pontic rigidly fixed to the retainer provides adequate strength and stability to the prosthesis and also minimizes the stresses associated with the restoration. Shoher and Whiteman introduced Inzoma pontic in 1983. Each part of the bridge should be designed individually, but within the context of the overall design. b) All pontic material listed were equally well tolerated by tissue after 6 month interval. The contour of the ridge and texture of the soft tissues should be observed during intra-oral examination. They are indicated for cases with reduced inter-arch space, the pontic should give the appearance of an exaggerated occluso­gingival dimension. Advantages include its pleasing appearance and its strength. Fig. Joseph et al (1990) studied the relationship between surface roughness of the pontics and dental plaque accumulation. In 1983 Seivert gave a suitable classification for alveolar ridge defects. Main advantage is increased strength, fever laboratory steps used in high stress, mandibular posterior region and even in bruxist. 20-44). Amount of Occlusal load that is anticipated for that patient. Gingival colored prosthesis is a solution for correcting large alveolar defects associated with esthetics and phonetic problems, The success of a fixed partial denture depends on the proper design of the pontic. Pontic is defined as an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture that replaces a missing natural tooth, restores its function and usually fills the space previously occupied by the clinical crown. 1. $63.52 $ 63. Donald A. stated that, the fused multiple pontics design, which was thought to be best for mandibular posterior segment can be used in other parts of mouth also. Tissue contacting is rounded bluntly and set in concavity of the ridge. Often called egg-shaped, bullet-shaped, or heart-shaped. However, the bridge retainer codes vary depending on whether or not an abutment was used to attach the bridge retainer to the implant body. Class III : Loss of both ridge width and height. Conventional bridges are named depending on the way the pontic (false teeth) is attached to the retainer. Conical- placed directly in an extraction socket, Modified ridge lap- satisfies esthetics and hygiene, 3. Ovate pontic was designed by Deeway and Lugsmith in 1933. Tissue contact should resemble a letter T whose vertical arm ends at the crest of the ridge. Design of multiple pontics – JPD 1981 (46) 634-636. The overall length of the buccal surface should be equal to that of the adjacent abutments or pontics. In fixed Prosthodontics, connector refers to the portion of a fixed partial denture that unites the retainer and pontic. Only 3 left in stock - order soon. The mandibular molars are provided with large embrasures for better cleaning and aesthetics is not critical. The occlusal forces applied to a fixed partial denture (FPD) are transmitted to the supporting structures through the pontic, connectors, and retainers. When the vertical height is insufficient, the residual ridge is lowered and reshaped to allow space for physiologic pontic. The modified ridge lap pontic combines the best features of the hygienic and saddle pontic designs, combining esthetics with easy cleaning. – Strong, easy to clean, good esthetics and biocompatible. When vertical height is insufficient, residual ridge is contoured is reshaped. The modified ridge lap design overlaps the residual ridge on the facial (to achieve the appearance of a tooth emerging from the gingiva) but remains clear of the ridge on the lingual. Podshadley and stein (1968) contradicting didn’t find any relevance between soft tissues and pontic fabricated from gold alloys ,resins gazed ceramics . The ovate pontic is the most esthetically appealing pontic design. ( Log Out /  Class I : Loss of faciolingual ridge width,with normal apricocoronal height. These are prefabricated pontic facings, which resemble sanitary pontics described before. 6. Notes from lectures during the course of Dental Technology. – If complete metal retainers are used – all metal pontic. It should be positioned over the backing such that the gold porcelain junction does not contact the tissues. For incisor teeth it is usually a complete crown, although partial crowns are still sometimes used. The facial surface should be designed with aesthetics as the primary concern. They are used if the pontics and retainers have to be made separately . Its gingival portion is shaped like an archway between the retainers. Cannot be used in decreased occlusogingival height. Highly glazed porcelain is the material of choice for this surface. and pontic, is usually recommended in such situation. The only disadvantage of this designs its poor aesthetics, which results due to wide embrasures. Section one wax connector with a thin ribbon saw (sewing thread is a suitable alternative) and remove the isolated retainer from the master cast. FPDs in which only one side of Pontic is attached to a retainer … A larger contact with the ridge is provided for a natural look. A nonrigid connector, a stress breaking mechanical union of retainer and pontic, is usually recommended in such situation. Council of dental materials and devices 1975 stated that a reduction of surface area doesn’t significantly improve hygiene underneath the pontic – basal contour remains concave . The gingival surface is the most interesting aspect of the pontic design. Study 53 3 Pontics and Connectors flashcards from Kelly G. on StudyBlue. The space created due to the loss of a tooth is usually sufficient for the fabrication of a good pontic. Clinical results showed that plaque formation was noticed in all the pontic materials used. – Mandibular posterior region – spheroidal pontic – Patient require an accommodation period for all ceramic FPDs. – Mechanical failure due to improper framework. – Can not be used of occlusogingival space is very less. The indications for the use of nonrigid connector in fixed prosthodontics are. It is indicated in cases with limited inter-arch distance. abutment, retainer, pontic, connector indications for fixed partial denture -replace missing teeth, prevent tooth drift/tilt, prevent super-eruption, maintain occlusal force distribution, adjacent teeth need crowns and it's cost effective over single implant, implant site isnt favorable, fixed is better than removable A modified version of the sanitary pontic has been developed . Pin pontic modification of long pin pontic, is intend to grind the tissue surface for appropriate contact and then polished or glazed. (“black triangles”) on a fixed partial denture, When opposing natural dentition and complete or partial denture resin veneered teeth are used. This pontic has a convex tissue surface, which contacts the tissue at one single point without any pressure. Fixed-movable bridges have a major retainer at one end of the pontic and a minor retainer … Made of occlusal shelf a trim, gingival bar and connector. Basic philosophy behind fabricating a pontic is that it substitutes natural tooth form, function and appearance. The pins in the porcelain tooth are ground off and the tooth is altered and customized according to the ridge. In a loop connector fixed partial denture, the connector consists of a loop on the lingual aspect of the prosthesis that connects adjacent retainers and/or pontic. The buccal and lingual surfaces of a pontic will be designed as a result of deciding the ridge surface. 4.0 out of 5 stars 25. Its convex tissue surface resides in a soft tissue depression or hollow in the residual ridge. and should not contain any junctions between different materials. These facings are not indicated for cases with decreased occlusogingival height as the placement of the pins is difficult and a proper facial contour cannot be achieved. volume of ridge tissue is established, a socket depression is sculpted into the ridge with surgical diamonds or electrosurgery. rigidly fixed to the retainer provides adequate strength and . Both intracoronal and extracoronal restorations can be … If veneer is to be applied cut back the wax pattern approximately. Get it as soon as Sat, Dec 5. But studies have shown that the finish of the surface is more important than the material used in maintaining tissue health.Â. Portion of a fixed bridge that unites retainer and pontic. 2. Traumatic extraction results in severe bone resorption, surgical ridge augmentation, and soft tissue correction enhance esthetics. Substitutes natural tooth form, function and appearance. Movable connectors are always designed so that the pontic cannot be depressed by occlusal forces. When an occlusal load is applied to the retainer on the abutment tooth at 1 end of a fixed partial denture with a pier abutment, the pier abutment may act as a fulcrum. Pontic facing was made of porcelain denture teeth multiple drill holes of 2mm deep were made using frill press on the lingual surface of the facing. It is indicated for the replacement of mandibular posterior teeth where aesthetics is not a major concern. With time-lapse after extraction, there is a migration of adjacent and opposing teeth – they should be orthodontically repositioned and modified with complete coverage. The movement in a nonrigid connector is enough to impede the transfer of stress from segment being loaded to the rest of the FPD. Contact with the facial /buccal surface of the ridge is essential to provide a natural appearance. In the case of a long-span bridge, A technique derived by Ruhlam et al 1967 may be advanced. In a metal-ceramic pontic the junction between the two materials should be well away from the ridge surface of the pontic. 5. Care should be taken to avoid contact with the metal porcelain junction with the tissues. The lingual surface should be designed such that it is similar to adjacent teeth from the cusp tip till the height of contour, then it should recede sharply and concavely from the height of contour towards the facial surface to form a pinpoint contact on the labial surface of the residual alveolar ridge. a) all pontics materials tested produced some change when they were in contact with the gingival tissue. The loop may be cast from sprue wax that is circular in cross section or shaped from platinum-gold-palladium (Pt-Au-Pd) alloy wire. 3.Sharp angles should be avoided to prevent stress concentrations. [1] An FPD with the pontic . Possess all or nearly all convex surface. – Not used in long span and high-stress areas. Gingival response to pontic: JPD 1968 (19). Placement of modified full coverage retainers. The authors concluded that, whatever material used maybe and are smoothened as much as possible, they must be cleaned regularly. The interpontic embrasure in filled in anterior segment using pink porcelain which also solves the esthetic problem and in cases of moderate ridge resorption and loss of papillae between pontic and abutment. 1.Should provide uniform veneer of porcelain of approximately 1.2mm.   Wider embrasures are provided for posterior teeth for better cleansing. 7). The gingival surface of the pontic is convex both buccolingually and mesiodistally. Local alveolar ridges defects masked with ceramic veneering materials placed on pontics of an anterior FPD. Ridge lap pontic in which tissue surface is inaccessible to cleaning devices. The occlusal surface is customized over the backing. denture. Then wax the pontic to proper axial and occlusal (or incisal) contour (Fig. Eissmann H F 1971 fulfills the prerequisites for maintaining a healthy periodontium- doesn’t come in contact with underlying soft tissue, ease access for oral hygiene aids to clean abutment teeth.  Tissue surface of the pontic shows a ‘T’ shaped contact. Lute the pontic to the retainers and, for additional stability, connect its cervical aspect directly to the master cast with sticky wax. Anterior pontic design – JPD 1984 (51): 774-76. They do not have concave gingival surfaces. ... Conntek RL-70046-GB Upto 15-Feet Heavy Duty 12/3 Coiled Spring Extension Cord 15/20-Amp female Connector. Belorend introduced multiple fused pontics in 1981. Socket-preservation techniques should be performed at the time of extraction to create the tissue recess from which the ovate pontic form will emerge. Only a portion of the gingival bulk is contoured in a harmony facing. This geometry permits increased connector size. The longer the span, the greater the occlusal-gingival thickness of the pontic should be . Large angle embrassure spaces around tissue contact collect debris. Ridge augmentation is accomplished by addition of either soft or hard tissue, although filling defect with bone is not essential. An inverted orientation of the nonrigid connector … The gingival surface is usually supplied uncontoured. Study 59 Pontics and Connectors flashcards from Ashley Z. on StudyBlue. In posterior teeth, small pontics tend to collect more food debris and hence is very difficult to maintain hygiene. The facing is retained by a backing with a lug (elevation), which is designed to engage the retention slot The tissue contact should be a part of the backing (not the backing facing junction) to ensure a smooth finish. When an adequate. Metal-ceramic pontics are stiffer and withstand occlusal forces better if they are made fairly thick and if the porcelain is carried right round them from the occlusal to the ridge surface leaving only a line of metal visible on the lingual surface or none at all. Variables that may influence the longevity of an FPD and its abutment include occlusion, span length, bone loss, and quality of periodontium. In the conventional bridge, the pontic is joined to the retainer solely by means of a solder joint which forms the connector. This is necessary when they are made of different materials. The hygienic pontic is the least “toothlike” design and is therefore reserved for teeth seldom displayed during function (i.e., the mandibular molars). 5. The conical pontic is easy for the patient to keep clean. Nonrigid connectors have been advocated for fixed partial dentures. Wax the abutment retainers and pontic to full contour as usual and incorporate the exposed part of the post into the pontic. Abutment: The tooth or implant that supports and retains a dental prosthesis. Other disadvantages include the need for surgical tissue management and the associated cost. The result after 6 months of observation showed that. 2. Conventional bridges are bridges that are supported by full coverage crowns, three-quarter crowns, post-retained crowns, onlays and inlays on the abutment teeth. 2.Metal surface must be smooth and free of pits – else may lead to incomplete bonding of porcelain. Pontic may be attached to one or more retainers or cast separately and soldered. Perel in 1972 presented modified sanitary pontic. Gingival surface is shaped like arch may mesiodistally. Added bulk for the strength of connectors is increased. Porcelain is added to the gingival surface and contoured according to the ridge, finally glazed and finished. – Blocks self-cleansing mechanism of tongue and cheeks. The main reason for the failure of all-ceramic FPDs is fracture of the framework. Cemento-enamel junction of abutment tooth/ teeth used as vertical reference points. He also showed that, plaque accumulation and calculus deposition are eliminated and no: of surfaces the patient must clean is reduced and maintaining oral hygiene is simplified. Loop or a spring type A major retainer for a conventional posterior bridge should not be less than an MOD inlay with full occlusal protection. The embrasures are wider lingually than facially. They resemble sanitary facings but they have positive pinpoint tissue contact.   Tissue contact is very important for a pontic. Longevity of fixed partial denture and abutment rely on The hole should not interfere with the pontic tissue contact area. Used mainly in lower anterior region, due to excess calculus deposition induced by salivary duct openings. The saddle pontic has a concave fitting surface that overlaps the residual ridge buccolingually. They are not used while opposing natural dentition and resin tooth. Roughness of pontic material and dental plaque – JPD 1990 (23) 407-411. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. These large embrasures or so-called ‘black triangles’ act as a source of plaque accumulation and flossing interference. The facing has a flat occlusal surface which is customized as needed. Disadvantages: Meticulous oral hygiene is necessary to prevent tissue inflammation resulting from the large area of tissue contact. Smaller pontic will compromise esthetics and hygiene. All the functions should be executed in a manner compatible with oral health and comfort. Such cases can be treated by two methods: One is to modify the pontic and fill the entire embrasure space with pink porcelain. Fixed-movable bridges have a major retainer at one end of the pontic and a minor retainer (carrying the movable joint) at the other. Criteria for choosing a suitable retainer includes: The principles guiding the design of the pontic are : All surfaces of the pontic especially the ridge surface, should be made as cleansable as possible. Cut the other end of the post so it does not interfere with the occlusion, otherwise leave it as long as possible. Excellent class I defect is corrected by subepithelial or submucosal graft. Though when pontic was first designed or used is unknown, history of pontic dates way back to 1918 when Tinker proposed hygienic pontic. It is indicated for cases with deep overbite where short pins are required. The pontics should be reduced as healing progresses. Cases with severe residual alveolar ridge resorption should be treated with ridge augmentation, tissue grafts, etc. This design is recommended for the replacement of mandibular posterior teeth where esthetics is a lesser concern.   Contact with the buccal slope of the ridge should be minimal (pin point) and pressure-free (modified ridge lap design-discussed later). The material used and the degree of tissue contact affect the success of the restoration. Ovate pontic-appears to emerge from gingiva like a natural tooth. To these facings, the gingival area is again built with porcelain and glazed for tissue tolerance. The only disadvantage of this design is its poor aesthetics, which results due to wide embrasures. Pontic designs are classified into two general groups: Mucosal contact & Non-mucosal contact based on the shape of the gingival side of the pontic. 10 Unusual Denture for most common conditions! These facings are used when the tissue contact of the pontic should of glazed porcelain. COMPONENTS FPD has three elementary components, that are: Retainer Pontic Connector 5. It should be as convex as possible from mesial to distal (the greater the convexity, the easier the oral hygiene). namely retainer, pontic and connectors Connectors are the components of partial fixed prosthesis or splint that join the individual retainers and pontics together. Pontic may be connected to a retainer through a rigid connector such as a cast joint or soldered joint or a non-rigid connector such as key and keyway or as in telescopic retainer. Castings are done in usual manner the pontics are either cast connected or soldered. Class II : Loss of ridge height, with normal width. It should be remembered that the entire gingival bulk is custom fabricated in a modified pin facing whereas in a harmony facing a portion of the gingival bulk is custom fabricated. Made entirely of metal if esthetics is not important. Abrams L et al 1980, Hurzeler MB, Weng D 1999- Gave gingival grafting (Plastic surgery) to enhance tissue conditioning thus satisfying the highest esthetic standards for a pontic suitable in patients with high smile line-Hygiene procedures easy to perform as convexity of the base. Bodirsky H 1992, Spear F M 1999 also stated that immediate pontic technique can be used as a modified application, to maintain the topography of alveolar ridge after the extraction of the tooth. A paralleling drill press is used for drilling the hole, as there holes should be parallel to one another and again parallel to path of insertion and removal. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Bar sanitary pontics – These pontics have a flat gingival surface that has sufficient gingival clearance. Patient must be instructed in how to clean the gingival surface of the pontic with floss. complete denture an appliance replacing all the teeth of one jaw, as well as associated structures of the jaw. It is used in the form of key (tenon) attached to pontic and keyway (mortise) placed within the retainer. The technique is similar to that of one described earlier, but individual stabilizing holes are drilled and posts erected for each pontic. This pontic is more aesthetic as it appears to arise from the ridge like a natural tooth. The design of the sanitary pontic allows easy cleaning, because its tissue surface remains clear of the residual ridge. A correctly designed posterior pontic should have the following characteristics. Hence in the long span all metal is preferable and if esthetics commands porcelain facings are more acceptable. An innovative revolutionary Inzoma pontic. Has good high impact strength and sheer strength]. The pontic on an implant supported bridge is reported using the conventional pontic code representing the material used (e.g., D6245 for a porcelain/ceramic pontic). Concavity is created using provisional restoration and also surgically. [The retainer is an important appliance that unites the abutment teeth with the suspended portion of the bridge. Pin’s come out of backing, which was cast after building wax in those holes which were attached to the cast ponticDisadvantage: – Pin holes were stress points that lead to fracture. o Connector: connects the pontic to the retainer. Reichenbach E 1931, Dewey K W 1933 also stated that after extended periods of service the adjacent soft tissue tends to become inflamed, and the alveolar bone is resorbed. Thus a thorough consideration and implementation of above said will contribute towards the successful design of a pontic, Majority of researchers believe that inflammation of alveolar mucosa under pontic is caused by the accumulation of plaque on the basal surface – Stein R S (1966). This pontic is very easy to clean and maintain. only to manage excessive (single/multiple) pontic space(s), but also to splint pathologically migrated teeth effectively.3 Loop connector is a non-rigid connector and consists of a loop on the lingual aspect of the prosthesis that connects adjacent retainers and/or pontic.9 The loop may The connector is that part of a fixed partial denture or splint that joins the individual components (retainers or pontics) together. Pontic or the artificial crown derives its name from a latin word “Pons” which means bridge. Contact with the labial slope of the ridge should be minimal (pin point) and pressure free (modified ridge lap design). Minor retainers do not need full occlusal protection: a minor retainer may be a partial crown or a two – or three-surface inlay without full occlusal protection. Study by Reichenbach E 1931 stated that it was used to prevent the extraction site from collapsing after removal of a tooth and to imitate the natural emergence profile of the tooth. Span: The length of the alveolar ridge between the natural teeth where the bridge will be placed. It must look as tooth-like as possible. Cary P. et al in 1997 derived a simplified techniques for stabilization of the pontics. The pontic has a convex gingival surface that favors pinpoint tissue contact. Kindly find the references stated at the end of each blog. Tissue contact should pertain to the crest of the ridge. Studer S 1997 stated that because of lack of interdental gingiva , open interproximal spaces appear , thus increasing exchange of saliva and air , presents a high risk of food impaction. – When partial veneer retainers are used, prefabricated facings are indicated using same metal as retainers. Tissue contact is passive and extend no further lingually than the midline. The fracture is usually located in the area between the retainer and pontic, originating from the gingival surface of the connectors where highest tensile stresses occurs, resulting in catastrophic fractures. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. They differ from Harmony facings (discussed later) in that the entire gingival portion of the facing is custom-made. – When PFM retainers are used PFM pontics are selected. 52. Conversely, nonrigid connector functions as a stress breaker between retainer and pontic and have thus been recommended to diminish the forces instead of usual rigid connector. The retainers are cemented to the prepared abutment teeth. This means that the groove or depression in the minor retainer (the female part of the attachment) always have a good base against which the male part of the attachment can seat. Thanks! SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PONTIC AND PONTIC DESIGNS. However, space limitations may require overreduction of the preparation or overcontouring of the retainer to place the keyway within the retainer wall. Refine the pontic cut-back where access is improved by removal of the first retainer. A three unit FPD consists of a pontic, two retainers on each side of Pontic and connectors which connect pontic to retainers.

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